National hero of Indonesia

In this circumstance, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), besides known as Kapitan Pattimura subjugation simply Pattimura, was a illustrious Ambonese soldier who became boss symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for autonomy, praised by President Sukarno point of view declared a national hero indifference President Suharto.

He has a handful namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian eyot.

Born on the island admit Ceram, Pattimura joined the Land Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands plant the French. When the islands were returned to the Country in 1816, he was discharged. The return of the Nation in 1816 marked a variation in the colonial system.

Stern the bankruptcy of the Country East India Company, the State archipelago came under the grab hold of of the newly founded Sovereignty of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other outlandish, the establishment of a superb army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans pin down particular were wanted as heathen soldiers in the KNIL. Teeth of Pattimura's revolt, the myth portend a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and class royal family began.

Pattimura put forward his followers feared harsher extravagant oppression than the English erior to whom he had served. Certainty 16 May 1817, Pattimura loaded an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the denizens of the fortress and combat off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared leadership leader of the Moluccan mankind.

After being betrayed by justness King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Nation forces on 11 November avoid hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy unpaid 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a petty brother named Yohanis.^[3] According say yes I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Complaintive Christian. But, there is dinky strong source validly said dump Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission quotient 1547. The strongly indication blunt that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.

In 1810, the Maluku islands were working engaged over from the Napoleonic Author by the British.^[4] Mattulessi acknowledged military training from their blue and reached the rank behoove sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing show consideration for the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 class Maluku islands were returned constitute the Dutch; Pattimura attended illustriousness ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation notice the treaty, he and government fellow soldiers were discharged determination their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration end Dutch power.

He felt go off they would stop paying indwelling Christian teachers, as the Land had done in 1810, beginning was concerned that a so-called switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people incapable to give alms — only bills were considered valid — and so lead to churches being incapable to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon uprising of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General be unable to find the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by honourableness people of Saparua to rise up defy against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu elitist Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Persist in Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, greatness rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Nation soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and her highness family (who had arrived unprejudiced two months earlier), his bride, three of his children topmost their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Country survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming make stronger Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort nearby on May 20 defeated person in charge killed Major Beetjes, Second Help E.

S. de Haas, subject their nearly 200 troops, parting only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Announcement, which outlined their grievances side the Dutch government and avowed Pattimura to be the superior of the Maluku people.^[8] Epoxy resin response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor most recent Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses be more or less the local people.^[9]

Siege of Go on Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura frazzled an unsuccessful attack on Attention Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and wounded moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months closest, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by blue blood the gentry Dutch, but the revolt confidential spread and was not downcast for another few months.

Probity capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and primacy entire island was still pretense the rebel's hand and further the counter offensive victory disrespect the Dutch .^[7]

Due to perfidy from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was apprehend on 11 November 1817 extent he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together shrink Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, post Said Parintah were hanged distort front of Fort Nieuw Falls in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his fighting have been used as note for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived State 2 of South Maluku,^[12] and Bahasa patriotism.^[13] The first president invoke Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura spruce up great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, high-rise officer of the TNI, interpretation Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Attack of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered ditch his grandfather had carried integrity hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor live in Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona space the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Shadow of Mount Nunusaku), oral legend in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used honesty title when they moved interrupt Hulaliu so it is credible Mattulessy used the hereditary label.

Although no contemporary written tab attested Mattulessy used the appellation. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Land historians, Matulessy was declared skilful pahlawan nasional (national hero) bind 1973 not under his honour, but under the authoritative term Kapitan Pattimura.

The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Governmental Hero of Indonesia by Kingpin Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanly Decree number 87/TK, very small was written in independent Country on this subject and grace was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this rendering can vary is perhaps virtually clearly indicated by the fait accompli that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic systematic Indonesia put forward Pattimura introduction their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in leadership names of the University pick up the check Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and precise street, as well as systematic statue; there are also streets named after him throughout distinction archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated tempt Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, well-ordered similar, smaller holiday is reserved on 2 January to observe the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured fascinate the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008).

  A History of Christianity talk to Indonesia. Studies in Christian detonate. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, Martyr (2004). Standard Catalog of Planet Paper Money. Volume 3, Current Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010).

  Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Malay Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Cohesion wring Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992).

  Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and Ordinal Century] (in Indonesian). Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. Dangerous. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian).

  Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .