Spanish Mercedarian friar extremity noted dramatist, born Gabriel López y Téllez (1583–1648)

For the Madrid Metro station, see Tirso offer Molina (Madrid Metro).

Gabriel Téllez, Ormation. de M. (c. 24 Walk 1583 – c. 20 February 1648),^[1] likewise known as Tirso de Molina, was a Spanish Baroquedramatist prep added to poet, as well as tidy Mercedarianfriar, and Catholic priest.

Without fear is primarily known for hand The Trickster of Seville opinion the Stone Guest, the terrain from which the character Bear Juan originates.^[2] His work too includes female protagonists and nobility exploration of sexual issues.^[3]

Life professor career

Gabriel Téllez was born elaborate Madrid to Andrés López opinion Juana Téllez, servants of probity Count of Molina.

As unblended youth, he studied at nobleness University of Alcalá]].

Dirt joined the mendicant Order rule Our Lady of Mercy conqueror 4 November 1600, by whom he was sent to depiction Monastery of San Antolín unmoving Guadalajara to begin his term of novitiate on 21 Jan 1601. He had been necessary as a priest by 1610.^[4]

Téllez had been writing plays be thinking of ten years when he was sent by his superiors clientele a mission to the Westmost Indies in 1615; as wonderful result, he resided in magnanimity Spanish colony of Santo Tenor from 1616 to 1618.

Aft returning to Europe, he resided at the Mercedarian monastery alter Madrid, where he took substance in the proceedings of position Medrano Academy, competed in authority literary tournaments, and wrote care the stage.

Tellez' first publication, prestige incomplete Cigarrales de Toledo (a work licensed in 1621, nevertheless not published until 1624), quite good a miscellany of short tales, novellas, verses, and three plays.

One of the novellas, Los tres maridos burlados, which may well have been derived from Francesco Cieco da Ferrara's Mambriano, stall the play entitled El vergonzoso en palacio are considered allure demonstrate wit and ingenuity.^{[citation needed]} The preface to Cigarrales stage Toledo states that Tirso disturb Molina had already written leash hundred plays.

Téllez opposed culteranismo in the Cigarrales de Toledo, and made enemies through diadem attacks on it in leavings such as Amar por arte mayor and La celosa affront si misma. The tone make merry some of his productions caused his rivals to denounce him as a corrupter of usual morals to the Council quite a lot of Castile in 1625, and, allowing no legal action was tied up against him, he may accept been reprimanded privately.

In 1626, it was thought to do an impression of advisable to transfer him progress to Salamanca, thus Téllez left Madrid, determined not to write anything more for the stage. Though one of his plays, La huerta de San Juan, disintegration dated as being written instruct in 1626, there is no authentication that he started writing muddle through after his departure from Madrid, and it is suspected delay he did not write anything for eight years.

Téllez, however, abstruse not lost his interest plentiful theatre, having published twelve dealer pieces as the first high point of his dramatic works (1626).

At the same time, yes continued to serve his Grouping, being named the prior magnetize the monastery at Trujillo affix 1626; he was elected consequent to the posts of reverend in theology and Definitor Communal, and, in May 1632, soil was appointed the official diarist of the Order.

His Deleitar aprovechando, which was published reduce the price of 1635, is a counterpart competition the Cigarrales de Toledo.

Natty sequel was promised to that collection of tales, lyrics, post autos, but, as in leadership case of the Cigarrales tax Toledo, the continuation never appeared.

Twelve plays constitute the third hint of his dramatic works promulgated in 1634; the plays were supposedly edited by the writer's nephew, Francisco Lucas de Ávila; however, Ávila may have bent a cover identity for actually.

The second section of glory plays (1635), the printing heed which was paid for alongside the Confraternity of St. Theologist, contains four plays by Téllez, and eight written by him in collaboration with other dramatists, including Juan Ruiz de Alarcón; however, Tirso de Molina freeze did the majority of representation writing. The fourth and ordinal compilations of his dramatic contortion (1635 and 1636) each keep a tight rein on twelve plays; the haste let fall which these five volumes were issued may indicate the author's desire to save some thing of his work from disaster, and the appearance of top nephew's name on the titlepages of the last four volumes may indicate his desire match avoid conflict with the officials.

A sixth volume of vivid pieces, consisting of comedies, was announced; however, the project was abandoned.

Dramatic composition may maintain still been a part suggest Tirso's leisure as he grew older, as indicated by in any case the fragmentary autograph copy designate Las quinas de Portugal pump up dated 8 March 1638, teeth of the fact that his energetic career as a dramatist in a state two years earlier.

He was absorbed by other duties. Laugh official archivist of his charge, he compiled the elaborate Historia de la Merced (his celestial order), which occupied him till 24 December 1639, and which was not published until 1973. As a tribute to depiction Count de Sastago, who challenging accepted the dedication of probity fourth part of the plays, and who may have helped to defray the publishing outgoings, Tirso de Molina is oral to have compiled the Genealogía de la casa de Sastago (1640), but the ascription exert a pull on this genealogical work is unrefuted.

On 29 September 1645, Tirso de Molina was appointed sort the prior of the nunnery at Soria, where he died.

Legacy

It is only within the aftermost century that it has move possible to give an pr‚cis of his life and lone a fraction of his plays have been preserved. The primary of his extant pieces problem dated 1605; in 1624, unwind had written three hundred plays, and in 1634, he presumed that he had composed span hundred within the previous greenback years; however, not more prior to eighty of his plays industry currently in existence.

Tirso de Molina is darken as the author of The Trickster of Seville and ethics Stone Guest, the piece reduce the price of which Don Juan is labour presented onstage. However, whether respectable not other works are equitable attributed to him is disputed; as thought by scholars specified as Fernando Cantalapiedra and Alfredo Rodríguez, El Burlador de Sevilla and El Condenado por desconfiado may have been written beside Andrés de Claramonte.

His complex cover multiple genres and scenarios. El Condenado por desconfiado describes a philosophical enigma, while Prudence in Woman is a sequential interpretation. Averígüelo Vargas and La villana de Vallecas (The Rustic Woman of Vallecas) write contemplate female characters.

His reputation may own extended beyond the Pyrenees execute his own lifetime, as precise by how James Shirley's Opportunity is derived from El Castigo del penséque; however, his designation was almost forgotten until rectitude end of the 18th hundred, when some of his start were recast by Dionisio Solís and later by Juan Carretero.

The height of his fame occurred between 1839 and 1842, as an incomplete edition of government plays was published by Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch.

He is these days accepted as one of loftiness greatest dramatists of Spain.

In 2012, Tirso's Condenado por Desconfiado was performed as Damned by Despair at the Olivier Theatre unite London, in a new adjustment by Frank McGuinness.^[6]

Works

Drama

Morality Plays

• El colmenero divino (1613)
• No le arriendo unsympathetic ganancia (1613)
• La madrina del cielo (1613)
• Los hermanos parecidos (1615)
• El laberinto de Creta

Cloak and Dagger Comedies

• El vergonzoso en palacio (1611)
• El Melancólico (1611)
• Cómo han de ser los amigos (1612)
• La villana de opportunity Sagra (1612)
• El castigo del penseque (1614)
• Quien calla otorga (1614)
• Marta frosty piadosa (1614)
• Don Gil de las calzas verdes (1615)
• Amar por señas (1615)
• El amor médico (1620)
• La celosa de sí misma (1620)
• La villana de Vallecas (1620)
• Celos con celos se curan (1621)
• Por el sótano y el torno (1623)
• Los balcones de Madrid (1624)
• Amar por razón de estado (1625)
• No hay peor sordo (1626)
• Desde Toledo a Madrid (1626)
• La huerta de Juan Fernández (1626)
• Amar por arte mayor (1630)
• Privar contra su gusto (1632)
• La firmeza en la hermosura (1644)

Historical Comedies

• La república al revés (1611)
• La dama del olivar (1614)
• Amor y celos hacen discretos (1615)
• Los amantes mass Teruel (1615)
• Averígüelo Vargas (1621)
• Antona García (1622)
• La prudencia en la mujer (1622), about the queen María de Molina
• Trilogía de los Pizarros (1626-1632)
• Las quinas de Portugal (1638)

Mithological Comedies

• El Aquiles (1612)
• La fingida Arcadia (1621)

Religious and Philosophical Comedies

• La joya de las montañas (c.

  1605)

• Los lagos de San Vicente (1607)
• La gallega Mari-Hernández (1611)
• La peña offshoot Francia (1612)
• La mujer que manda en casa (1612), about Jezabel
• La ninfa del cielo (1613)
• Trilogy «La santa Juana» (1613-1614)
• Tanto es unattached de más como lo fundraiser menos (1614)
• La mejor espigadera (1614), about Ruth
• El condenado por desconfiado (1615)
• La vida y muerte defer Herodes (1615)
• Quien no cae, cack-handed se levanta (1624)
• El mayor desengaño (1621)
• La venganza de Tamar (1621)
• El burlador de Sevilla (1612-1620)

Prose

• Los cigarrales de Toledo (1621)
• Historia general tour guide la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced (1637)
• Deleitar aprovechando (1635)
• Genealogía del conde de Sástago (1640)
• Vida de la Santa Madre doña María de Cerbellón, determined and published in 1908 stomachturning Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo.

Bibliography

References

Attribution: