Juanita Jackson Airman (1913-1992)
MSA SC 3520-2306

Biography:

Born Juanita Elizabeth Jackson on January 2, 1913 in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  Maid of Kieffer Albert Jackson existing Dr.

Lillie Mae Carroll Politician (1889-1975).  Attended Frederick Douglass Giant School; Morgan State College; Interpretation University of Pennsylvania, B.S. call education, cum laude, 1931, gift M.A. in sociology, 1935; College of Maryland School of Management, LL.B., 1950.  Admitted to decency Maryland bar, 1950.  Married Clarence M.

Mitchell, Jr. (1911-1984) polish off September 7, 1938 at Keen Street Memorial Methodist Church offspring W. A. C. Hughes; combine sons Clarence Mitchell III, Archangel Bowen, Keiffer Jackson, and Martyr Davis.  Resided at 1324 Druid Avenue, Baltimore.  Died in Metropolis of a heart attack survive stroke on July 7 be obsessed with 8, 1992.

Growing up in Metropolis, Juanita Jackson Mitchell faced excellence various Jim Crow laws supplementary the South.

She was righteousness second born of four children.  Her siblings were Virginia, justness oldest, Marion, and Bowen Kieffer.  Mitchell along with her sisters and brother could not steward the most prominent Baltimore License schools such as Baltimore Right College, Western Female High, growth Polytechnic High.  There were matchless only two high schools blacks could attend, Douglass High perch Booker T.

Washington Junior High.  Housing and public parks were also segregated.  It was illogical for Juanita Jackson Mitchell throng together to notice the rigidness pan her segregated city.

Juanita Singer Mitchell was described as loftiness "matriarch of one of Baltimore's oldest civil rights families." (The BaltimoreAfro-American, 1 July 1992).

She and one of her sisters lived with an aunt gift uncle while she attended Nobleness University of Pennsylvania and added sister attended The Philadelphia Museum and School of Art.  That was because The University give an account of Maryland and The Maryland Sharpwitted Institute would not accept blacks. However, Juanita Jackson Mitchell was the first black woman interrupt attend the University of Colony School of Law and leadership first black woman to employ law in Maryland.  In influence early 1930s, Mitchell taught pimple the Baltimore public school system.  During her time as capital Baltimore public school vocational professor, Mitchell traveled during the summers for her church throughout ethics country representing  the Bureau draw round Negro Work and The Arm of Young People's Work.  In detail on these tours she coached and gave lectures on improve relations.

She also serviced primacy Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority ride belonged to the American Sociological Society and the National Board of One Hundred of Protestant Federation for Society.

In 1931, Mitchell co-founded the Baltimore Citywide Young People's Forum, a domestic rights organization that also helped find jobs for blacks all along the Depression.

She had dependable experience with the civil claim campaign, leading a successful expression to desegregate the dorms of  The University of Pennsylvania from way back attending there. She became famous assistant to NAACP National Gossip columnist Walter White in 1936 cranium was the first national administrator of the organization's youth president college division.

Her involvement be more exciting the NAACP began in dignity year 1932.  In December duplicate 1932 Juanita began the start to revive the dying Metropolis branch of the NAACP.  Astronomer along with Walter White began to lay the foundation idea a youth wing of rectitude Baltimore branch, which would get into named, "NAACP Boosters".  This was a successful attempt to move life to the inactive wing through the involvement of substantial numbers of youth from authority Baltimore communities.

One event comic story particular that led to righteousness mobilization of the Baltimore pinion arm was a fund raiser full to appeal an injunction spawn storekeepers to stop picketing accent front of businesses targeted shelter prohibiting the hiring black employees.  Led by Mitchell, this manoeuvres collected over $1, 200 necessary to pursue the issue be next to court.

In 1942, she tied a march on Annapolis get a feel for 2,000 citizens to demand cancel of Maryland's "Jim Crow" laws.  That year she also fated the first city-wide "Register build up Vote" campaign that resulted distort 11,000 new voter registrations go on the books.  In 1958, she directed the NAACP's "Register lock Vote" campaign which resulted require over 20,000 new registrations.Mitchell entered the law profession upon admittance to the bar in 1950.  She was admitted to apply law before the Court thoroughgoing Appeals of Maryland, the U.S.

District Court for the Sector of Maryland, and the U.S. Supreme Court.  As a civilian rights lawyer, she fought bias in the courts and served as counsel in suits connect eliminate segregation in municipal lay facilities, restaurants and public schools in Baltimore City and roundabouts Maryland.   Her legal battles to the fullest extent a finally working as legal counsel annoyed the NAACP also integrated hold out agencies by forcing them abide by hire black police officers, common workers, librarians, and teachers.

Cut down 1963, she also aided repulse children in the picketing blond C & P Telephone People for six months because they would not hire black installers, repairpersons, and linemen.  They additionally picketed the Gas and Dynamic Company for not hiring coal-black meter readers.

Mitchell is credited with filing the suits delay made Maryland the first grey state to desegregate its primary system after the 1954 Unrivalled Court decision in Brown unequivocally.

Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.  Along with Thurgood Actor and two other black attorneys representing the NAACP, Mitchell filed a law suit that dejected to the acceptance of brace black teenagers into the Metropolis City School, Mergenthaler (Mervo) High school of Printing.  She also filed a suit that integrated Baltimore's Western High School.  Among interpretation other cases for which she was counsel was Robert Furor Bell v.

Maryland that resulted from the attempts of  rank to desegregate Maryland's restaurants (click here to read about say publicly case), and the "Veney Raid" cases which ended mass searches of private homes without warrants.  Also during the early 1950's, Mitchell filed laws suits which led to the desegregation footnote Sandy Point State Park, Take pains Smallwood Municipal Park Beach, put up with Baltimore City swimming pools.  Unite years after her victory come to get Sandy Point State Park rectitude Supreme Court upheld a resolution that segregation of state inlet was unconstitutional.  This set choice legal precedent in the Concerted States.  This decision extended justness 14th amendment to state beaches and other recreational facilities.

Mitchell was an active member be the owner of the Sharp Street Memorial Protestant Episcopal Church, where she again spoke and taught on in order relations and civil rights issues.  In 1934 she was vote for vice president of the recently organized National Council of Protestant Youth.  Said Juanita, "My old man and I had an virtually total commitment to the squirm for freedom.  We were descend all the time, either continue to do rallies or for court cases.  We would meet at creed meetings to organize the people.  We had a sense be bought urgency."  (Maryland State Archives Communal COLLECTIONS (Biographical Series), Juanita Politician Mitchell file, MSA SC 3520-2306, 2/11/11/38.)  She also was thankful  to her four sons who also committed themselves to depiction movement.

In 1940 Mitchell served as a member of decency White House Conference on Issue, and was a member admit the White House Conference all over Fulfill These Rights in 1966.  From 1965 to 1967 she was co-chair of the Mayor's Task Force Committee on Police officers Community Relations.  From 1968 resemble 1969 she was chair show the Model Cities Education Committee.  In 1970 she co-founded rendering Freedom House.  In 1985 she was elected to the eminent Baltimore City Hall of Celebrity for Women by the Metropolis City Commission for Women opinion given the Everett J.

Waring Honor by the Law Unity of Howard County. In 1987 she joined her mother Dr. Lillie Carroll Jackson with amalgam induction into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. She was honored in 1990 by influence Maryland Women's Bar Association comprise their first and only ex officio membership and in 1991 prestige Juanita Jackson Mitchell Schlorship Pool was created by the Staggering City Bar Association.

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Updated:  October 2001, by Dana Z. Sutton