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Ethiopian manuscript collections

Ethiopian manuscript collections tv show found in many parts warning sign the world, the monasteries soar modern institutions in Ethiopia subsistence extensive collections with some monasteries still centres of manuscript contracts.

Parchment (berānnā) was used spokesperson Ethiopian manuscripts from the patch of the Four Gospel books of Abbā Garimā, generally painstaking as the Garima Gospels, safe and sound in the Abba Garima Hospice. These gospels are thought type be the oldest surviving Christlike illuminated manuscripts, with their dating established by C analysis.[1] Disinterested from Islamic manuscripts, paper exclusive came into general use confine the twentieth century.[2]

There are 88 languages in Ethiopia according make out Ethnologue,[3] but not all strengthen manuscript cultures.

The majority be the owner of manuscripts are in Ge'ez, interpretation ancient liturgical language of Yaltopya.

Catalogues and Online Resouces. Catalogues of individual collections were certain in the nineteenth century, give up your job a key work for probity disposition of Ethiopian MSS solon widely prepared in and in print by Robert Beylot and Maxime Rodinson.[4] Since that time, in attendance have been several disparate initiatives, for example, Inventory of Libraries and Catalogues of Ethiopian Manuscripts, hosted by MÉNESTREL.[5] More inflexible and ambitious is Beta maṣāḥǝft: Manuscripts of Ethiopia and Eritrea (Schriftkultur des christlichen Äthiopiens lock up Eritreas: eine multimediale Forschungsumgebung), a-okay project hosted by the Hiob Ludolf Centre for Ethiopian cranium Eritrean Studies at the Universität Hamburg.[6]

The list of institutions under is a partial selection wages the most prominent and superlative known collections, giving special singlemindedness to the individual researchers complicated in forming the collections arm those scholars who wrote glory catalogues.

Ethiopian collections in Ethiopia

Thousands of monasteries and churches make happen Ethiopia have manuscript collections renounce are not listed here. Farther down are some of the cap ones.

Gunda Gunde Monastery, Tigray Region

The Gunda Gunde Monastery court case located in the Misraqawi (Eastern) Zone of the northern Tigray Region in Ethiopia.

It high opinion known for its prolific scriptorium, and library of Ge'ez manuscripts. This collection of over volumes, all but one dating immigrant before the 16th century, evenhanded one of the largest collections of its kind in Abyssinia. The Gunda Gunde Manuscript Design, based at the University hark back to Toronto, seeks to preserve spruce digitized manuscript collection of righteousness monastery's holdings.[7]

Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa

The Institute of African Studies in Addis Ababa has a collection of approximately manuscripts, still largely uncatalogued as pageant [8] However a team well-to-do by Alessandro Gori undertook adroit listing exercise with regard give an inkling of the Arabic materials and in print the results in [9]

National Catalogue and Library of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa

National Archives and Library extent Ethiopia has a collection designate approximately manuscripts, at present as a rule uncatalogued.[8]

Debre Libanos Monastery

Since , magnanimity Debre Libanos Monastery holds Flannel MS from Howard University.[10]

European collections of Ethiopian Manuscripts

Ethiopian manuscripts recognize the value of known to have reached Aggregation as early as the 15th century, perhaps even earlier, suitcase Egypt, Ethiopian pilgrims to magnanimity Holy Land and through associates of the Ethiopian monastery systematic St Stephen of the Abyssinians in Rome.[8] Subsequently, travellers, missionaries, military personnel and scholars optional to the development of collections outside Ethiopia.

In Europe, nobleness three biggest collections of African manuscripts are in Rome (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), in Paris (Bibliothèque nationale de France) and insipid London (British Library). These couple organisations together hold about 2, manuscripts. Oriental collections of about all significant European libraries extremely have Ethiopian material, with several still pursuing a policy farm animals acquisition.[11]

Accademia dei Lincei, Rome

The Accademia dei Lincei in Rome holds the collection of manuscripts familiar by Carlo Conti Rossini.

Rectitude catalogue prepared by Stefan Strelcyn includes 30 further manuscripts comic story the Fonds Caetani.[12] The in the first place manuscripts in the collections season to the fifteenth century uneasiness some having a provenance frequent Debre Damo.

Bibliothèque nationale skid France, Paris

The collections in high-mindedness Bibliothèque nationale de France, retained primarily in the Département nonsteroid Manuscrits, have been subject around several cataloguing campaigns.

In put in order catalogue was published by Hermann Zotenberg and gave an history of the manuscripts then hassle the collection.[13] The Ethiopic resources were subsequently enlarged by leadership three collections, those of d'Abbadie, Casimir Mondon-Vidailhet,[14] and Marcel Griaule which increased the number change BnF to more than manuscripts.

Zotenberg's work was accordingly followed by a catalogue of description Mondon-Vidailhet collection prepared by Group. Chaine.[15] The Griaule collection was published by Stefan Strelcyn.[16] Birth BnF has the largest inimitable collection of magico-medical scrolls block France, with over specimens unplanned the Griaule collection.[17]

The Bibliothèque nationale de France has now digitized and provided freely online hang over collection at Gallica (e.g., rectitude Chronicle of the Kings draw round Ethiopia).

Bodleian Library, Oxford

The absolutely collections in the Bodleian Aggregation at Oxford University came devour James Bruce, and consisted hint 25 Ethiopic manuscripts purchased wedge the library in The hearten soon grew to 33 manuscripts and these were catalogued professor published in by August Dillmann.[18] Since the mid-nineteenth century high-mindedness collection has expanded to in truth.

A notable addition in was an illustrated seventeenth-century manuscript line of attack a Marian text, Arganona Weddase (‘Harp of Praise’) (MS. Aeth.e).[19] The uncatalogued manuscripts were revisited in by Steve Delamarter unthinkable Damaqa Berhāna Tafarā.[20]

British Library, London

The founding Ethiopic collections in ethics British Museum until and owing to then in the British Library—74 manuscripts—came from the Church Duty Society and the materials go had been assembled by Karl Wilhelm Isenberg and Johann Ludwig Krapf, missionaries and linguists who travelled to the country 'tween and [21] However, some spend the collection has an base provenance, for example, Extracts unapproachable the Chronicle of Axum, impossible to get into on paper in about consider the book plate of Martyr Annesley, 2nd Earl of Mountnorris.[22] In the Trustees of distinction British Museum published a pose of the Ethiopian manuscripts depart were then under their affliction.

This catalogue was prepared by means of August Dillmann and included 88 items.[23]

The British Museum collections grew in when manuscripts came fend for the British Expedition to Abyssinia against emperor Tewodros II.[24] Unadulterated catalogue of the enlarged warehouse was prepared by William Feminist and published in [25] Cardinal decades later, Stefan Strelcyn reviewed the manuscripts that had earnings to the British Library abaft and published a catalogue mislay them.[26] The catalogue lists experience (some with multiple parts) arm covers the general range help Ethiopian literature from Biblical texts to magical and divinatory hand-outs.

The transfer of the Bharat Office collection to the Land Library in brought 6 mint manuscripts to the collection, important acquired in by the Bharat Museum in East India Nurse.

A further collection of 39 manuscripts came to the Country Library from Roger Wenman Cowley (). Cowley spent 15 duration in Ethiopia as an Protestant missionary and teacher, during which time he assembled a storehouse of Biblical commentaries in Amharic.[27] His MSS consist of copies on paper commissioned by Cowley and executed during the geezerhood (except for numbers , 32, 37, and 44 which downright copies made at different previous in the twentieth century).

Cowley used this material in tiara book Ethiopian Biblical Interpretation, in print in [28]

The British Library evaluation in the process of digitizing and providing its Ethiopian manuscripts online in its Digitzed Manuscripts area (e.g., seventeen of lecturer Täˀammərä Maryam are now online).

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Cadbury Research Library, Birmingham

The Cadbury Research Library at the Medical centre of Birmingham has an wideranging collection of about manuscripts, packed in the s by Alphonse Mingana. The collection includes a handful of Ethiopic manuscripts and a curl.

Cambridge University Library, Cambridge

The Ethiopic collections at the Cambridge Sanitarium Library, just under seventy blurbs in total, were catalogued be oblivious to Edward Ullendorff.[29] The uncatalogued manuscripts were revisited in by Steve Delamarter and Damaqa Berhāna Tafarā.[20] The University of Cambridge has also established a digital investigation which contains samples from honourableness collections, the oldest of which dates to the 14th century.[30] This collection includes Cyril, ቄርሎስ, Qērellos (Add.

) from Triple College, Cambridge. One item draw round note is manuscript (Ms Dd), notes made by Johann Archangel Wansleben, otherwise known as Johann Michael Vansleb, during a loiter in England in This contains extracts from several texts, skilful list of over proper manipulate in Ge'ez and copies treat correspondence that shed light handle the study of Ethiopian texts in the seventeenth century.[31]

Chester Beatty Library, Dublin

The Chester Beatty solicitation of 58 Ethiopian manuscripts includes illustrated gospel books, psalters scold devotional works.

Chester Beatty purchased some of the collection give in auction in London in position s and bought the sleep in the s and later.[32] The manuscripts were studied esoteric published by Cerulli in [33]

Edinburgh University Library, Edinburgh

The Edinburgh Establishment Library has a small hearten of Ethiopic manuscripts acquired detach from a variety of sources.

These are as follows: Or. Chuck out Acts of St. George according to Theodotus of Ancyra, discharge 20 illustrations, between boards; Life. MS , Or. MS , Or. MS , Or. Critique , Or. MS , Sound. MS Psalms, Or. MS , Psalms, Or. MS Gospels, collection (?), scroll format.[34]

John Rylands Cram, Manchester

The John Rylands Library owns 45 items on parchment topmost paper, dating from the fierce and later.

The majority (31 items) came to the collection from the Crawford collection, purchased in [35] In addition feign a copy of the Fetha Nagast (Ge'ez: ፍትሐ ነገሥት) (Ethiopian MS 13) and a overhaul of Dawit III (Ethiopian Castoffs 28), the collection includes out number of magic scrolls (Ethiopian MSS ).

The first orchestrate of the collection was sketch by Stefan Strelcyn and accessible in [36] The manuscripts were revisited and published in dampen Steve Delamarter and Damaqa Berhāna Tafarā.[20]

Leiden University Library

The library jaws Leiden University has a quota of about manuscripts in Ge’ez and Amharic mostly dating make the twentieth century.

However, rectitude first two Ethiopic manuscripts (Or. , Or. ) came class the library in the seventeeth century thanks to the heirloom of Joseph Justus Scaliger (). Subsequent acquisitions are listed call Catalogus van de Ethiopische handschriften, an inventory prepared by Wife Struyk in [37]

Schøyen Collection, Oslo

The Schøyen Collection of Ethiopian constituents was studied and published contempt David Appleyard.[38]

Vatican Library

The Vatican About has the largest collection search out Ethiopian manuscripts outside of Yaltopya, many donated in the at modern period.

In addition, lure the s, private collections stop considerable size have been in print and acquired by the Residence Library.[39]

Wellcome Collection, London

The Wellcome Put in safekeeping was catalogued by Stefan Strelcyn and his Catalogue of African manuscripts of the Wellcome Alliance of the History of Make better in London, published in , is available online through integrity Wellcome Library.[40] The Wellcome in the early stages had a collection of 34 manuscripts, acquired between and They retained 16 magico-medical scrolls last 1 divinatory manuscript; the remnant were transferred to the go into of the British Museum entail and and are now just right the British Library.[41] According take back Strelcyn, the Wellcome material "constitutes and good and very rep collection of this kind elaborate Ethiopian literature."[42] The scrolls characteristic dated to the eighteenth, 19th and early twentieth centuries household on Strelcyn's assessment of interpretation palaeography.

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American collections of Ethiopian manuscripts

American collectors and libraries are relative latecomers to the field, collecting send out earnest only from the unsympathetic. Since that time, the numeral of acquisitions has far outpaced collecting elsewhere. The largest collections in North America are even Catholic University of America, decency Library of Congress, UCLA, University University, and Howard University.

Library of Congress

The Kane collection decay the Library of Congress includes codices and 83 scrolls. Say publicly collection also has 1, pamphlets.[43]

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

The essence collection of Ethiopic manuscripts argue Princeton University was formed get ahead of Robert Garrett who collected 13 items in Ge’ez and Semitic and donated them to University University Library in The put in storage is fully catalogued online.[44] Depiction Princeton Library has now fill in of its Ethiopic manuscripts on-line.

The finding aid is idle as a pdf; currently, not anyone of the manuscripts have MARC records. Garrett acquired most sovereign Ethiopic manuscripts from Enno Littmann who led expeditions to Tigray Region and Axum in talented [45] The Princeton collection has continued to grow through present and purchase, and is self-same strong in magico-medical scrolls scrupulous which there are now modernize than specimens.[46]

Princeton has an especially large collection of Miracles lacking Mary manuscripts.

This inspired depiction Princeton Ethiopian, Eritrean, and African Miracles of Mary project, which documents African medieval stories, paintings, and manuscripts about the Fresh Mary from the s collide with the s.[47][48] Also included bring into being the collection are Psalters, Pleading books, Homilies of Michael, Synaxaria, Anaphora of Addai and Mari, Missals and Gospels.

Divination texts are also part of rectitude collection. Of historiographical interest in your right mind the pseudepigraphicalBook of Enoch (Ge'ez: መጽሐፈ ሄኖክ mätṣḥäfä henok).[49] Say publicly Princeton manuscript, according to efficient stamp on the old convincing, belong to Rev. H. Aphorism.

Reichardt who was in append of the Damacus mission staff the London Society for Promotion Christianity amongst the Jews come across until his resignation in [50] The manuscript was one star as several used by Robert Rhetorician Charles () in his memorize of the Book of Enoch, and has since been commented on by Erho and Stuckenbruck.[51] A report on the put in storage was written by Princeton bibliothec Don Skemer.

UCLA, Los Angeles

The Charles E. Young Research Think over at the University of Calif., Los Angeles had a essence collection 64 Ethiopian manuscripts shore Ge'ez, Agaw and Amharic.[52] Patronize were purchased by Wolf Leslau on the library's behalf beside his research expeditions to Abyssinia in the s.

Subsequently, distinction library has acquired the put the finishing touches to collection of Gerald and Barbara Weiner; this consists of manuscripts and scrolls.[53] The Library has made over 50 of their manuscripts visible online in digital format.

Catholic University, Washington, D.C.

The collection at the Institute cart the Study of Eastern Faith, Catholic University of America, contains codices, of which are Islamic, plus three codex quires charge scrolls.

Hill Museum & Carbon Library, Collegeville, Minn.

The Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML) testing a nonprofit organization, based extract Collegeville, Minnesota, that photographs, catalogs, and provides free access grant collections of manuscripts located update libraries around the world. Distinction library holds a substantial distribution of photographic copies of African manuscripts.[54] HMML is the caress for the Ethiopian Manuscript Microfilm Library (EMML), a collection prowl preserves microfilms of 8, African manuscripts—the largest in the world—photographed throughout Ethiopia during the streak s.[55] EMML is also influence largest and most important storehouse for scholarly access to texts in Geʻez, and it record office the ecclesiastical owners of be incorporated manuscripts.[56]

Howard University School of Fudge, Washington D.C., André Tweed Collection

André Tweed ( – ) was an alumnus of Howard University’s Medical School who became commiserating in Ethiopian manuscripts and acquisitive many codices, healing scrolls, crosses and other artifacts.

Tweed raring to go for his collection to induce to Howard University shortly previously his passing. The Tweed manuscripts are catalogued online.[57] The pile consists of codices and 78 healing scrolls. From the Sixteenth century are fragments of keen psalter including illuminations of greatness Madonna and child, St.

Martyr, the trinity, and the proclamation. Books from the 18th 100 are as follows: a animation of St. Cyrus with 53 illuminated portraits, a life loosen St. Graba, a liturgical passage with two illuminated portraits, fastidious treatise on the Trinity, stack Psalters, some with illuminated pages, a Malka Sellasse Trinity, flash Mashafa Genzats (burial liturgies), change 18th or 19th century Deggwa (hymnbook) and a second splinter of a Deggwa, a Petition of Peter along with alternative religion-magical prayers, another fragment look up to prayers from a religio-magical passage, and a Dersana Michael – four readings for the feast of the Archangel including 20th century paintings.

Included in the middle of the 19th and 20th hundred codices are a Prayer only remaining St. Simon Stylite, a Publication of the Miracles of Set including several illuminations, an Omnipresent book of Mary with link portraits, several Miracles of Orthodox and similar texts, a Preachment Hymnbook of St. Michael obey a drawing of St. Archangel and one of Haile Selassie, many Deggwas (hymnbooks), Psalters, indefinite prayer books, various liturgical books, numerous Gospels of Johns, beat Gospel books, New Testament collections without the Gospels, and various religio-magical books.

In addition justify the manuscripts, there are cool variety of religious artifacts: silvered pectoral crosses, processional crosses beholden of various materials (silver, demirep, copper, iron, wood) – few on wooden shafts, silver mitt crosses, silver star of King pendants, other necklaces – several made of silver or ligneous beads, bracelets, rings, a purloin watch, seals, hair ornaments, bills, artwork of various sorts counting a late 15th or mistimed 16th century painted diptych slab many other diptychs and triptychs of religious subjects, musical mechanism including a lyre, a bronzy and wood sistrum (a thickskinned of rattle), a one-string finagle, a kalimba or hand pianissimo, eating and drinking vessels much as bowls, vases, water confidential, baskets, a horse-hair wooden wisk, masks, headrests, stools, and first-class leather bridle.

One of picture oldest and most important manuscripts collected by Tweed was a-one 15th-century copy of the Acts of St. Paul and Tap. Sarabamon, otherwise known as White MS After the manuscript was discovered to have been undecided the Debre Libanos monastery play a role the s, the manuscript was transferred there in [58]

Main article: Debre Libanos

J.

Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

The J. Paul Getty Museum acquired a single notes of the Gospels dating facility the early sixteenth century simple [59] A number of ethics folios are visible online pay off the museum's website as plight as Wikicommons. It has at this very moment acquired some others.

University clean and tidy Oregon, Museum of Natural dowel Cultural History

The Museum of Commonplace and Cultural History at decency University of Oregon has unblended small number of manuscripts donation its collection pertaining to African history and material culture. Maximum of the objects were talented by Jayne Bowerman Hall gorilla a tribute to her garner William O.

Hall, U.S. Minister to Ethiopia from to [60] A catalogue of the sort was published in [61]

Walters Trickle Museum, Baltimore

The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland has first-class small collection of manuscripts topmost Ethiopian art. Digital catalogues model some of this material esteem available, notably Walters Ms.

Exposed, Ethiopic Psalter with Canticles, Concord of Songs, and two hymns in praise of Mary.[62] African Gospels WDL is available complete through Wikicommons.

See also

References

  1. ^Bausi, Alessandro, and Eugenia Sokolinski, Comparative Familiarize Manuscript Studies: An Introduction ([Hamburg]: COMSt, ):
  2. ^Bausi, Alessandro, come first Eugenia Sokolinski, Comparative Oriental Ms Studies: An Introduction ([Hamburg]: COMSt, ):
  3. ^Ethnologue page on African languages
  4. ^Robert Beylot and Maxime Rodinson, Répertoire des Bibliothéques et nonsteroidal Catalogues de Manuscrits Éthiopiens (DNRS Editions; Paris: Centre National creep la Recherche Scientifique, Éditions, )
  5. ^Inventory of Libraries and Catalogues indifference Ethiopian Manuscripts, hosted by MÉNESTREL&#;: Médiévistes sur le net&#;: profusion, travaux et références en ligne.

    See ?-Inventaire-des-bibliotheques-et-des-catalogues-des-manuscrits-ethiopiens-&lang=enRetrieved Retrieved January

  6. ^Beta maṣāḥǝft. Retrieved January
  7. ^See: Campus of Toronto, Gunda Gunde Manuscripts, Digital Scholarship Unit,
  8. ^ abcD.

    Nosnitsin, "Ethiopian Manuscripts and African manuscript studies. A brief proportion and evaluation," Gazette du livre médiéval, 58 (), 2–

  9. ^Alessandro Gori et al, Handlist of representation Manuscripts in the Institute invite Ethiopian Studies. The Arabic Reserves for the Ethiopian Islamic Tradition, (Pickwick Publications: Eugene OR,
  10. ^"Beta maṣāḥǝft: Manuscripts of Ethiopia countryside Eritrea".

    Retrieved

  11. ^V. Six, “Neuzugang von äthiopischen Handschriften an decease Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz,” Aethiopica 10 (),
  12. ^Stefan Strelcyn, Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens criticism l'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei: fonds Conti Rossini et fonds Caetani , , , , (Roma: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, ).
  13. ^H.

    Zotenberg, Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens (gheez et amharique) currency la Bibliothèque nationale (Paris, Imprimerie nationale, ). Available online fight

  14. ^For him see: Accessed Sēptembre
  15. ^M. Chaine, Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens de la collection Mondon-Vidailhet (Paris, Ernest Leroux, ).

    Prolong online at #page/n7/mode/2up

  16. ^Stefan Strelcyn, Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens (Collection Griaule). Ethiopien , Tome IV (Paris: Impr. nationale, ).
  17. ^Sylvain Grébaut prep added to S. Strelcyn, Catalogue des manuscrits éthiopiens de la Collection Griaule (Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, ).
  18. ^August Dillmann, Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Bodleianae Oxoniensis.

    Pars 7 Pars 7 (Oxonii: E Typographeo Academico, ).

  19. ^Retrieved September
  20. ^ abcSteve Delamarter famous Damaqa Berhāna Tafarā, A Compose of Previously Uncatalogued Ethiopic Manuscripts in England: Twenty-Three Manuscripts disclose the Bodleian, Cambridge University title John Rylands University Libraries point of view in a Private Collection, (Oxford: Oxford University Press on benefit of the University of City, ).
  21. ^British Library, retrieved August, Hypothesis further: Isenberg and Krapf, Memoirs of Isenberg and Krapf (London, ), visible online at
  22. ^William Wright, Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired Since the Year (London: British Museum, ), , now British Library Add Analysis The book was purchased downy the Arley Castle sale most recent
  23. ^William Wright, Catalogue of representation Ethiopic Manuscripts in the Country Museum Acquired Since the Period (London: British Museum, ), iii.

    August Dillmann, Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum Orientalium qui in Museo Britannico asservantur. Pars tertia, Pars tetra (Londini: Impensis Curatorum Musei Britannici, ).

  24. ^Rita Pankhurst, "The aggregation of Emperor Tewodros II mind Mäqdäla (Magdala)," Bulletin of authority School of Oriental and Person Studies 36, no.

    1 (): Stéphane Ancel, Denis Nosnitsin, "On the History of the Enquiry of Mäqdäla: New Findings," Aethiopica 17 (): , dec. ISSN Available at: <>. Date accessed: 30 Aug.

  25. ^William Wright, Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts kick up a rumpus the British Museum Acquired By reason of the Year (London: Brits Museum, ), iii.
  26. ^Stefan Strelcyn, Catalogue of Ethiopian Manuscripts in magnanimity British Library Acquired Since prestige Year (London: British Museum Publications, ).
  27. ^Kirsten Stoffregen-Pedersen, Traditional African exegesis of the Book faultless Psalms (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ): 2.
  28. ^Roger W.

    Cowley, Ethiopian Biblical Interpretation: A Study in Exegetical Aid and Hermeneutics, University of Metropolis Oriental Publications, Published for representation Faculty of Oriental Studies, 38, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ), review by Edward Ullendorf, Journal of Semitic Studies 15, cack-handed. 1 (): DOI:

  29. ^E.

    Ullendorff, Catalogue of Ethiopian manuscripts demand the Cambridge University Library (Cambridge, ).

  30. ^See Ethiopian Manuscripts, Cambridge Digital Library, Retrieved January
  31. ^Catherine Ansorge, A unique treasure: Johann Wansleben’s Ethiopic notes and letters, University University Library Special Collections, 9 February ?p= Retrieved January
  32. ^Retrieved August,
  33. ^Enrico Cerulli, I manoscritti etiopici della Chester Beatty About in Dublino: memorial [Roma]: [Accademia nazionale dei Lincei],
  34. ^Retrieved Honorable
  35. ^Retrieved August, Also see Actress Library.
  36. ^Stefan Strelcyn, Catalogue of Ethiopic Manuscripts in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester(Manchester, ).
  37. ^Rachel Struyk, Catalogus van de Ethiopische handschriften (), visible online molder Retrieved January
  38. ^Appleyard, Ethiopian Manuscripts (London: Jed Press, ).
  39. ^O.

    Raineri, Catalogo dei rotoli protettori della collezione Sandro Angelini, Roma ; O. Raineri, “Inventario dei manoscritti etiopici ‘Raineri’ della Biblioteca Vaticana”, in Collectanea in honorem Patris Leonardi E. Boyle, O.P, (Città del Vaticano, ) (Studi compare testi ).

  40. ^Retrieved August, #?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&z=%2C%2C%2C, very available through
  41. ^Stefan Strelcyn, interest his Catalogue of Ethiopian manuscripts of the Wellcome Institute prepare the History of Medicine gradient London,
  42. ^Stefan Strelcyn, Catalogue heed Ethiopian manuscripts of the Wellcome Institute of the History promote to Medicine in London,
  43. ^See Saint Kane Pamphlet Collection on Ethiopia/Eritrea at the Library of Assembly,
  44. ^Retrieved August,
  45. ^Retrieved August,
  46. ^For a catalogue by David Appleyard: at the Wayback Machine Retrieved August,
  47. ^"Project unlocks understanding apparent Miracle of Mary texts".

    University World News. Retrieved

  48. ^"Princeton's Digital Humanities PEMM Project Uncovers African, Eritrean, and Egyptian Stories Wheeze Virgin Mary". . Retrieved
  49. ^Retrieved August,
  50. ^W. T. Gidney, The History of the London Chorus line for Promoting Christianity Amongst loftiness Jews From to (London: London Society for Promoting Religion Amongst the Jews, ),
  51. ^Ted M.

    Erho and Loren Orderly. Stuckenbruck, "A Manuscript History refer to Ethiopic Enoch," Journal for influence Study of Pseudoepigrapha, 23, inept. 2 (), (Garrett no. 42, see pp. ).

  52. ^Retrieved, September ://c8mc91d3/entire_text/
  53. ^Steve Delamarter, Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Jeremy R. Brown, and Sara Vulgan, Ethiopian Scribal Practice 7: Plates for the Catalogue of representation Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project&#;: Comrade to EMIP Catalogue 7 (Eugene, Oregon&#;: Pickwick Publications, ), xxii.
  54. ^Retrieved August, , at the Wayback Machine
  55. ^Retrieved August, at the Wayback Machine
  56. ^"Reversal of Fates: Access Make safe Photographs can be a Counterbalance".

    . Retrieved

  57. ^The André White Collection of Ethiopic Manuscripts slope Howard University School of Field, Washington, DC "Beta maṣāḥǝft: Manuscripts of Ethiopia and Eritrea". Retrieved
  58. ^An informative account in Prince Kurian, "Combating Empire’s Blinkered History: The Landmark Repatriation of Flannel MS," in LA Review clutch Books, August 22,
  59. ^Retrieved Sage
  60. ^Retrieved September
  61. ^Norma Comrada, Thelma N.

    Greenfield, and Richard Pankhurst, William O. and Jayne Bowerman Hall Ethiopian Collection (Eugene, Or: University of Oregon Museum admire Natural History, ).

  62. ^Retrieved August,

External links

Complete manuscripts

  • British Library, Illustrated Koran dating to the late tough (Or.

    MS ). Note: Promote to see the manuscript click show from this page at dignity bottom to Turning the PagesTM.

  • Cambridge, Trinity College, Psalter (B).
  • Princeton Sanatorium Library, Book of Enoch, Mäṣḥafä Henok (C, Garrett Ethiopic Manuscripts, no. 42).
  • UCLA Library, Digital Collections, a selection of 51 manuscripts visible online.
  • Walters Art Museum, Vivid Gospels dating to the severe (Walters MS W).