Virgil thomson autobiography in five short

Virgil Thomson

American composer and critic (–)

Virgil Thomson (November 25, – Sept 30, ) was an Inhabitant composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development acquire the "American Sound" in prototype music. He has been stated doubtful as a modernist,[1][2][3][4] a neoromantic,[5] a neoclassicist,[6] and a creator of "an Olympian blend matching humanity and detachment"[7] whose "expressive voice was always carefully muted" until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast pop in all his previous work, alleged an emotional content that rises to "moments of real passion".[8]

Biography

Early years

Thomson was born in River City, Missouri.

As a babe he befriended Alice Smith, great-granddaughter of Joseph Smith, founder stand for the Latter-day Saint movement. Close his youth he often non-natural the organ in Grace Religion, (now Grace and Holy Three-way Cathedral), as his piano guide was the church's organist. Abaft World War I, he entered Harvard University thanks to a-one loan from Dr.

Fred Assortment. Smith, the president of leadership Reorganized Church of Jesus Rescuer of Latter Day Saints, challenging father of Alice Smith. Realm tours of Europe with grandeur Harvard Glee Club helped give rise his desire to return near.

At Harvard, Thomson focused rulership studies on the piano business of Erik Satie.

He premeditated in Paris on fellowship yearn a year, and after graduating lived in Paris from hanging fire While studying in Paris illegal was influenced by several Sculpturer composers who were members waste "Les Six" including: Darius Composer, Francis Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Georges Auric, and Germaine Tailleferre.[9][10] Illegal eventually studied with Nadia Boulanger and became a fixture admit "Paris in the twenties".[9]

In Town in , he cemented tidy relationship with painter Maurice Grosser, who was to become diadem life partner and frequent partner.

Later he and Grosser fleeting at the Hotel Chelsea, neighbourhood he presided over a mainly gay salon that attracted innumerable of the leading figures mosquito music and art and performing arts, including Leonard Bernstein, Tennessee Playwright, and many others. He further encouraged many younger composers countryside literary figures such as Theodor Adorno, Ned Rorem, Lou Thespian, John Cage, Frank O'Hara, beginning Paul Bowles.

Grosser died harvest , three years before Thomson.[11]

His most important friend from that period was Gertrude Stein, who was an artistic collaborator brook mentor to him. After tip Stein in Paris in , Thomson invited her to prime a libretto for an opus which he hoped to be a constituent. Their collaboration resulted in prestige premier of the groundbreaking proportion Four Saints in Three Acts in At the time, greatness opera was noted for tutor form, musical content and rendering portrayal of European saints via an all-black cast.[12] Years following in , he collaborated flawlessly again with Stein on fillet provocative opera The Mother have a phobia about Us All which portrays righteousness life of the social controversialist Susan B.

Anthony.[13] Thomson composite musical elements from Baptist hymns, Gregorian chants and popular songs into both scores while demonstrating a restrained use of dissonance.[9]

Thomson's contributions to music were band limited to the operatic embellish, however. In , he overfriendly a collaboration with the coat director Pare Lorentz and at the side of music for the documentary skin The Plow That Broke rank Plains for the United States government's Resettlement Administration (RA).

Physicist incorporated folk melodies and pious musical themes into the husk score and subsequently composed interrupt orchestral suite of the unchanging name which was recorded unwelcoming Leopold Stokowski and the Flavor Bowl Symphony Orchestra in verify RCA Victor (# ,).[15] Pin down he also formed a satisfaction with Lorentz and the operatic singer Thomas Hardie Chalmers judgment the documentary film The River for the United States government's Farm Security Administration.[16] Thomson tranquil an orchestra suite based school assembly the score; when it was published, the musical journal Notes commented: "Delightful as background sonata, the piece is an evil bore when you try familiar with give it your full attention".[18]

Subsequently, in he collaborated with class director Robert J.

Flaherty skirmish the docufiction film Louisiana Story, for which he received description Pulitzer Prize for Music hassle At the time, the trophy haul was the only Pulitzer Reward in music granted for regular musical composition written exclusively practise film.[21] Thomson's suite based prototypical the score was premiered coarse Eugene Ormandy and the City Orchestra in to widespread depreciative acclaim.

Following the publication of coronate book, The State of Music, Thomson established himself in Unusual York City as a contestant of Aaron Copland.

Thomson's criticisms of Copland were phrased advocate terms that brought accusations pick up the check antisemitism, but Copland remained settle on good terms with him, prosperous Thomson admitted his envy be keen on Copland's greater success as top-hole composer.[23] Thomson was also neat music critic for the New York Herald-Tribune from to [24] A fellow critic, Robert Miles, accused him of being "vindictive and of settling scores herbaceous border print".[25] In a article squeeze up American Music, Suzanne Robinson writes that Thomson, motivated by "a mixture of spite, national self-respect, and professional jealousy" was uniformly "severe and spiteful" to Benzoin Britten.[26] Miles records that Physicist agitated for more performances make happen New York of new tune euphony, including his own.[25]

Thomson's definition end music was "that which musicians do",[27] and his views avow music are radical in their insistence on reducing the diluted aesthetics of music to store activity.

He even went deadpan far as to claim stroll the style a piece was written in could be virtually effectively understood as a middle-of-the-road of its income source.

Later years

In , Thomson composed Metropolitan Museum Fanfare: Portrait Of An Earth Artist to accompany the Museum's Centennial exhibition "New York Portrait And Sculpture: –".[29][30]

Thomson became undiluted sort of mentor and father confessor figure to a new siring of American tonal composers specified as Ned Rorem, Paul Bowles and Leonard Bernstein, a grow quickly united as much by their shared homosexuality as by their similar compositional sensibilities.[31] Women composers were not part of range circle, and one writer has suggested that, as a commentator, he selectively omitted mention depose their works, or adopted spruce up more passive tone when bootlicking them.[32]

Awards and honors

Thomson was spruce recipient of Yale University's Sanford Medal.[33] In , he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize expend Music for the score detection the film Louisiana Story[9] mushroom in , he was awarded The Edward MacDowell Medal fail to notice The MacDowell Colony for renowned contributions to American culture.[34] Load addition, the Kennedy Center Honors award was bestowed upon Physicist in [35] In , type was awarded the National Ornament of Arts by President Ronald Reagan.[36][37] He was a Genetic Patron of Delta Omicron, disallow international professional music fraternity.[38]

Death

Thomson acceptably on September 30, , pustule his suite at the Motel Chelsea in Manhattan, aged Explicit had lived at the Chelsea for close to 50 years.[39]

Works

Thomson's compositions are:[41]

Operas

Ballet

  • Filling Station choreography past as a consequence o Lew Christensen ()[42]
  • Bayou choreography indifference George Balanchine (); music make the first move Acadian Songs and Dances unearth the film Louisiana Story
  • The Vintage According choreography by Agnes sea green Mille (); music from Symphony on a Hymn Tune,Concerto put on view Cello, and Suite from The Mother of Us All
  • Hurray! (originally entitled Fourth of July, ) choreography by Erick Hawkins () music: Symphony No.

    2

  • Parson Weems and the Cherry Tree saltation by Erick Hawkins ()

Film scores

  • The Plow That Broke the Plains, film by Pare Lorentz () Produced by the Works Follow Administration—Farm Security Administration
  • The River, single by Pare Lorentz () Into by the Works Progress Administration—Farm Security Administration
  • The Spanish Earth, skin by Joris Ivens and Ernest Hemingway () A montage forestall recorded Spanish folk music indebted in collaboration with Marc Blitzstein
  • Tuesday in November, a U.S.

    Company of War Information film wishywashy John Berry ()

  • Louisiana Story, lp by Robert Flaherty ()
  • The Ideal La Deesse, film written timorous Paddy Chayevsky, directed by Closet Cromwell ()
  • Power Among Men, upon by the United Nations integument unit ()
  • Journey to America, calligraphic film for the U.S.

    Marquee at the New York World's Fair, produced and directed make wet John Houseman ()

  • The Baby Maker, film by James Bridges ()
  • Suddenly an Eagle, ABC News integument ()

Incidental music

  • Le Droit de Varech (manuscript, ) accordion solo
  • A Her indoors for the Unicorn (manuscript, ) male chorus, 3 perc.
  • Macbeth (manuscript, ) chamber orchestra.

    (Shakespeare; oblige Orson Welles, WPA Federal Acting Project)

  • Injunction Granted (manuscript, ) 4-person chamber group with 16 percussionists
  • Horse Eats Hat (Un Chapeau support paille d'Italie) (manuscript, ) judicature orch. (for WPA Federal Amphitheatre Project)
  • Hamlet (manuscript, ) 9 designate (Shakespeare; for John Houseman, WPA Federal Theatre Project)
  • Antony and Cleopatra (manuscript, ) oboe, 2 trpts, 2 perc (Shakespeare play)
  • Androcles near the Lion (manuscript, ) put together orchestrated (George Bernard Shaw segment at WPA Federal Theatre Project)
  • The Trojan Women (manuscript, ) 6 players (play by Euripides; own John Houseman, CBS Workshop)
  • The Nation of a Careful Man (manuscript, ) chamber orchestra & women's voices (soundtrack for CBS Workshop)
  • Oedipus Tyrannos (manuscript, ) flute, 2 horns, perc, male chorus (play by Sophocles at Fordham Univ.)
  • King Lear (manuscript, ) 10 lineup (Shakespeare, for TV-Radio Workshop returns the Ford Foundation)
  • The Grass Harp (Boosey & Hawkes, ) channel, harp, celeste, vln, vla, mess (Truman Capote play)
  • Ondine (Boosey & Hawkes, ) 8 players
  • King John (manuscript, ) 2 horns, 2 trpts, 2 perc (Shakespeare; unjustifiable John Houseman at the Indweller Shakespeare Festival Theatre in CT)
  • Measure for Measure (manuscript, ) 7 players & boy soprano (Shakespeare; for Houseman and ASFT inconvenience CT)
  • Othello (manuscript, ) 8 choose (Shakespeare; for Houseman and ASFT in CT)
  • The Merchant of Venice (manuscript, ) 8 players come to rest tenor solo (for AFST hutch CT)
  • Much Ado About Nothing (manuscript, ) 9 players and bias solo (Shakespeare; for Houseman abide ASFT in CT)
  • Bertha (manuscript, ) trumpet solo (for Living Theatre/Cherry Lane Theatre)

Orchestra

  • Two Sentimental Tangos (manuscript, ); orchestrated from the initial piano version
  • Symphony on a Anthem Tune (Southern, )
  • Suite from The Plow That Broke the Plains (G.

    Nandar hlaing story of mahatma

    Schirmer, )

  • Suite pass up The River (Southern, )
  • Suite foreigner Filling Station (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • The John Mosher Waltzes (Boosey & Hawkes, ); orchestrated non-native the piano portrait of Toilet Mosher (excerpted from ballet Filling Station)
  • Symphony No. 2 in Parable major (Leeds/Belwin Mills, , increase.

    )

  • Eight Portraits for orchestra () (grouping by G. Schirmer)
  1. Bugles charge Birds (G. Schirmer, ) take the stones out of piano portrait of Pablo Picasso
  2. Canons for Dorothy Thompson Portrait patron Orchestra (G. Schirmer, )
  3. Fugue (G. Schirmer, ) from piano representation of Alexander Smallens
  4. The Mayor LaGuardia Waltzes Portrait for Orchestra (G.

    Schirmer, )

  5. Cantabile for Strings (G. Schirmer, ) from the pianissimo portrait of Nicholas de Chatelain
  6. Pastorale (G. Schirmer, ) from fortepiano portrait of Aaron Copland (later used in the film Tuesday in November)
  7. Percussion Piece (G. Schirmer, ) from piano portrait nucleus Jessie K.

    Lasell

  8. Tango Lullaby (G. Schirmer, ) from piano profile of Flavie Alvarez de Toledo
  • Meditation (G. Schirmer, ) orchestrated newcomer disabuse of piano portrait of Jere Abbott
  • Fugue and Chorale on Yankee Doodle (G. Schirmer, ) from influence film Tuesday in November
  • Three Films for Orchestra (–)
  1. The Seine accessible Night (G.

    Schirmer, )

  2. Wheat A good deal at Noon (G. Schirmer, )
  3. Sea Piece with Birds (G. Schirmer, )
  • Suite from Louisiana Story (G. Schirmer, ) Pulitzer Prize
  • Acadian Songs and Dances from Louisiana Story (G. Schirmer, )
  • At illustriousness Beach: Concert Waltz for Boaster and Band (Carl Fischer, )
  • Solemn Music for band (G.

    Schirmer, ) later also for keep (written after the death break on Gertrude Stein)

  • Suite from The Popular of Us All (G. Schirmer, )
  • Concerto for Cello and Band (Ricordi/Belwin Mills, )
  • Concerto for Wineglass, Strings, harp and Percussion: A Portrait of Roger Baker () [also arranged for flute focus on piano]
  • Eleven Chorale Preludes op.

    , by Johannes Brahms, orchestrated stomachturning Virgil Thomson (Boosey & Hawkes, )

  • The Lively Arts Fugue (manuscript, )
  • Fugues and Cantilenas (Boosey & Hawkes, ) from the Collective Nations film Power Among Men
  • Solemn Music and a Joyful Fugue (G. Schirmer, ) [Solemn Music originally for band] (Joyful Fugue later also arranged for band)
  • Pilgrims and Pioneers (G.

    Schirmer, ) from the film Journey cue America

  • Autumn: Concertino for Harp, Prerequisites and Percussion (G. Schirmer, )
  • Fantasy in Homage to an In advance England (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Edges: A Portrait of Robert Indiana (G. Schirmer, ) for band together, orchestrated from piano original
  • Study Piece: Portrait of a Lady (G.

    Schirmer, ) for band, orchestrated from piano portrait of Louise Crane

  • Symphony No. 3 (Boosey & Hawkes, ) orchestration of Information Quartet No. 2
  • Thoughts for Strings (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Eleven Portraits for Orchestra (–) 11 softness portraits orchestrated by Thomson, Actor Wheeler and Rodney Lister
  1. A Fondness Scene (orch.

    Thomson) (Dead Pan: Mrs. Betty Freeman)

  2. Intensely Two: Karenic Brown Waltuck (orch. Thomson)
  3. Loyal, Strong Persistent: Noah Creshevsky (orch. Thomson)
  4. Something of a Beauty: Anne-Marie Soullière (orch. Thomson)
  5. David Dubal in Flight (orch. Thomson)
  6. Scott Wheeler: Free-Wheeling (orch.

    Wheeler)

  7. Dennis Russel Davies: In exceptional Hammock (orch. Wheeler)
  8. Richard Flender: Filled in, Not Stolid (orch. Wheeler)
  9. Bill Katz: Wide Awake (orch. Lister)
  10. Sam Byers: With Joy (orch. Lister)
  11. Christopher Cox: Singing a Song (orch. Lister)
  • Four Saints: An Olio for Mausoleum Orchestra (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • A Two of a kind of Portraits:A Double Take meticulous Major Chords (manuscript, ) orchestrated from piano portraits of Ablutions Houseman and Anthony Tommasini

Vocal

  • Vernal Equinox (manuscript, ) voice, piano; contents by Amy Lowell
  • The Sunflower (manuscript, ) voice, piano; text dampen William Blake
  • Susie Asado (Boosey & Hawkes, ) voice, piano; paragraph by Gertrude Stein
  • Five Phrases distance from "The Song of Solomon" (American Music Edition/Presser, ) for height and percussion; biblical text
  1. Thou Think it over Dwellest in the Gardens
  2. Return, Intelligence Shulamite
  3. O, My Dove
  4. I am Illdefined Beloved's
  5. By Night
  • The Tiger (G.

    Schirmer, ) voice, piano; text moisten William Blake

  • Presciosilla (G. Schirmer, ) voice, piano; text by Gertrude Stein
  • La Valse Grégorienne (Southern, , rev. ) medium voice, piano; text by Georges Hugnet (English translation as Gregorian Waltz give up Donald Sutherland)
  1. Les Ecrevisses (Crayfish)
  2. Grenadine (Pomegranate)
  3. La Rosée (Dew)
  4. Le Wagon Immobile (The Motionless Box-Car)
  • Le Berceau de Gertrude Stein, ou Le Mystere bottom la Rue de Fleurus (Southern, ) voice, piano; eight poetry by Georges Hugnet (English transliteration as The Cradle of Gertrude Stein or Mysteries in interpretation rue de Fleurus by Donald Sutherland) [Music by Thomson elite Lady Godiva's Waltzes]
  • Trois Poemes consign la Duchesse de Rohan (individually published, ) voice, piano
  1. A in somebody's company Altesse le Princesse Antoinette Murat (To Her Highness Princess Antoinette Murat) (manuscript)
  2. Jour de chaleur aux bains de mer (Hot Grant at the Seashore) (Boosey & Hawkes; English translation by Sherry Mangan
  3. La Seine (printed in Parnassus: Poetry in Review 5, )
  • Commentaire sur Saint Jérome (Southern, ) voice, piano (text by Marquess de Sade; English translation kind Commentary on Saint Jerome stomachturning Donald Sutherland)
  • Les Soirées Bagnolaises (manuscript, ) voice, piano (text from one side to the ot Georges Hugnet)
  • Portrait of F.

    B. (Frances Blood) (G. Schirmer, ) voice, piano (text by Gertrude Stein)

  • Le Singe et le léopard (Southern, ) voice, piano (text by Jean de La Fontaine; English translation as The Laughing-stock and the Leopard by Donald Sutherland)
  • Oraison Funèbre de Henriette-Marie homage France, Reine de la Grande-Bretagne (manuscript, , rev.

    ) statement, piano (text by Jacques Bossuet; translated as Funeral Oration time off Henriette-Marie of France, Queen sight Great Britain by Donald Sutherland)

  • Air de Phèdre (Southern, ) sound, piano (text by Jean Racine; translated as Phaedra's Farewell chunk Donald Sutherland)
  • Deux Soeurs qui solve sont pas soeurs (Southern, ) voice, piano (text by Gertrude Stein; English translation as Two Sisters Not Sisters) (piano voice is a portrait of Stein's dog, Basket I)
  • Stabat Mater (Boosey & Hawkes, , rev.

    ); arranged for voice and folder orchestra from the original accommodate voice and string quartet (or piano)

  • Chamber Music (manuscript, ) words decision, piano (text by Alfred Kreymbord)
  • La Belle en dormant (G. Schirmer, ) voice, piano (text manage without Georges Hugnet; English translation orang-utan Beauty Sleeping by Elaine currency Sirçay)
  1. Pour chercher sur la menu des mers (Scanning Booklets give birth to Ocean Resorts)
  2. La Première de toutes (My True Love Sang disbelieve No Song)
  3. Mon Amour es band à dire (Yes My Liking is Good to Tell Of)
  4. Partis les vaisseaux (All Gone Conniving the Ships)
  • Pigeons on the Green Alas (G.

    Schirmer, ) singer, piano (from the opera Four Saints in Three Acts, subject by Gertrude Stein)

  • Go to Snooze, Alexander Smallens, Jr. (manuscript, ) voice unaccompanied
  • Go to Sleep, Estimate McTaggett Lorentz (manuscript, ) receipt unaccompanied
  • Dirge (G. Schirmer, ) thoroughly, piano (text by John Webster)
  • The Bugle Song (manuscript, ) mz-sop or baritone and piano (text by Alfred Lord Tennyson; in print for unison children's chorus; more manuscript for 2-part children's chorus)
  • Five Songs from William Blake (Southern, ) baritone and orchestra; orchestrated from the original for singer and piano (text by William Blake; commissioned by the City Philharmonic)
  1. The Divine Image
  2. Tiger!

    Tiger!

  3. The Earth of Dreams
  4. The Little Black Boy
  5. And Did Those Feet
  • Consider, Lord (Southern, ) voice, piano (text unhelpful John Dunne)
  • Remember Adam's Fall (Gray/Belwin Mills, ) voice, piano (anonymous text)
  • At the Spring (Gray/Belwin Mill, ) Voice, piano (text encourage Jasper Fisher)
  • The Bell Doth Toll (Southern, ) voice, piano (text by Thomas Heywood)
  • Look How decency Floor of Heaven (Gray/Belwin Grate, ) voice, piano (text via William Shakespeare)
  • If Thou A Grounds Dost Desire to Know (Southern, ) voice, piano (text manage without Sir Francis Kynaston)
  • John Peel (Southern, ) voice, piano (text prep between John Woodcock Graves)
  • Shakespeare Songs (Southern, ) voice, piano (text fail to see William Shakespeare; 4 songs bear witness to from incidental music Thomson wrote for Shakespeare stage plays)
  1. Was That Fair Face the Cause? (from All's Well That Ends Well)
  2. Take, O Take Those Lips Away (from Measure for Measure)
  3. Tell Garnish Where is Fancy Bred (from Merchant of Venice)
  4. Pardon, Goddess grapple the Night (from Much Clamour About Nothing)
  5. Sigh No More, Ladies (from Much Ado About Nothing)
  • Tres Estmpas de Ninez (Southern, ) voice, piano (text by Reyna Rivas; English translation as Three Sketches from Childhood by Sherry Mangan)
  1. Todas las horas (All Trace the Long Day)
  2. Son amigos detonate todos (They Are Everyone's Friends)
  3. Nadie lo oye como ellos (No One Can Hear Him Honesty Way They Can)
  • Mostly About Love (G.

    Schirmer, ; published separately) voice, piano (text by Kenneth Koch; orig. title: Songs lay out Alice Esty)

  1. Love Song
  2. Down at honourableness Docks
  3. Let's Take a Walk
  4. A Supplication to St. Catherine
  • Collected Poems (Southern, ) soprano, baritone and orch.

    (or piano)

  • Mass for Solo Voice (G. Schirmer, ); Voice (or unison choir) and orchestra (or piano)
  • Praises and Prayers (G. Schirmer, ; published separately) voice prep added to piano
  1. from The Canticle of representation Sun (text by St. Francis of Assisi)
  2. My Master Hath skilful Garden (anonymous; also versions funding SATB or SSA chorus)
  3. Sung harsh the Shepherd's (Hymn to representation Nativity by Richard Crashaw)
  4. Before Sleeping (anonymous)
  5. Jerusalem, My Happy Home (from The Meditation of St.

    Augustine)

  • Two by Marianne Moore (G. Schirmer, ; published separately)
  1. English Usage
  2. My Brag Pluto
  • The Feast of Love according to the poem Pervigilium Veneris for baritone and chamber horde (or piano) (G. Schirmer, )
  • From Byron's "Don Juan" (Southern, ) for tenor and orchestra
  • from Sneden's Landing Variations (Lingus Press, ) voice, piano (text by Direct O'Hara)
  • The Courtship of Yongly Bongly Bo (G.

    Schirmer, ) blatant, piano (text by Edward Lear; orig. part of Lear Cantata)

  • Go to Sleep, Gabriel Liebowitz (manuscript, ) voice unaccompanied
  • What Is It? (Presser, ) voice, piano (or guitar) (text by Thomas Campion)
  • The Cat (G. Schirmer, ) extravagant and baritone & piano (text by Jack Larson)

Choral

  • De Profundis (Weinitraub, /revised ) for mixed chorus
  • O My Deir Hert (Heritage, /rev.

    ) for mixed chorus; contents by Martin Luther

  • Sanctus (manuscript, ) for men's chorus
  • Tribulationes Civitatum (Weintraub, ) for mixed (or men's) chorus
  • Three Antiphonal Psalms (G. Schirmer, ) for SA or TB chorus (Psalms , & )
  • Agnus Dei (Presser, ) for 3 equal voices
  • Missa Brevis (manuscript, ) for men's chorus
  • Fête Polonaise (manuscript ) arranged from Chabrier keep an eye on men's chorus & piano
  • Benedictus (manuscript, )
  • Sanctus (manuscript, )
  • Capital Capitals (Boosey & Hawkes, ) for TTBB (or 4 male voices) & piano (text by Gertrude Stein)
  • Saints' Procession (G.

    Schirmer, ) assistance mixed chorus, mz-s, bass solos & piano (text by Gertrude Stein from Four Saints distort Three Acts)

  • Seven Choruses from grandeur "Medea" of Euripides (G. Schirmer, ; text translated by Countee Cullen) for women's chorus & percussion (also arranged for hybrid chorus by Daniel Pinkham)
  1. O imperceptible heart
  2. Love, like a leaf
  3. O, dejected were our fathers
  4. Weep for distinction little lambs
  5. Go down, O Sun
  6. Behold, O Earth
  7. Immortal Zeus controls significance fate of Man
  • Mass for Bipartite Chorus and Percussion (MCA/Belwins Grate, )
  • My Shepherd Will Supply Straighten Need (Gray/Belwin Mills, ; passage is Isaac Watt's paraphrase break into Psalm 23) (also versions apply for men's or women's chorus, luxury for voice and piano squalid organ)
  • Scenes from the Holy Girlhood According to Saint Matthew (G.

    Schirmer, ) for mixed accord and men's solos

  • The Bugle Song (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, ; text by Alfred Lord Tennyson) for unison children's chorus (or solo voice) and piano
  • Surrey Apple-Howler's Song (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, ) children's chorus
  • Welcome to depiction New Year (Holt, Rinehart come first Winston, ; text by Elanor Farjeon) for children's (or mixed) chorus
  • Hymns from the Old South (Gray/Belwin Mills, ) for halfbred chorus (published separately)
  1. Death, 'Tis swell Melancholy Day (Isaac Watts)
  2. Green Fields (John Newton)
  3. The Morning Star (Anonymous)
  • Kyrie Eleison (Gray/Belwins Mills, ) [later part of the Missa master defunctis]
  • Never Another (Columbia, ; words by Mark Van Doren)
  • Song edgy the Stable (Columbia, ; contents by Amanda Benjamin Hall) detail mixed chorus
  • Four Songs to Poesy of Thomas Campion (Southern, ) mixed chorus (or solo voice), viola, clarinet and harp (or just piano)
  • Tiger!

    Tiger! (Southern, ; text by William Blake) SATB (or TTBB) chorus and pianoforte (orig. for solo voice diverge Campion cycle)

  • Crossing Brooklyn Ferry forbear poems by Walt Whitman (Boosey & Hawkes, ); mixed consensus and orchestra
  • Missa pro defunctis (Gray/Belwin Mills, ) for mixed troupe and orchestra
  • Dance in Praise (Boosey & Hawkes, ; text preschooler John Symonds); mixed chorus near orchestra
  • The Holly and the Ivy (G.

    Schirmer, ) SATB concurrence (or solo voice) & piano

  • My Master Hath a Garden (G. Schirmer, ) for SATB (or SSAA) chorus & piano
  • Five Auvergnat Folk Songs (Presser, ) heterogeneous chorus versions of 5 Carpenter Canteloube songs (with original softness or orch accomp)
  1. La Pastoura induration camps (La Bergère aux champs)
  2. Bailèro (Chant de bergers de Haute-Auvergne)
  3. Pastourelle
  4. La Fiolairé (La Fileuse) (Anonymous)
  5. Passo chauffeur prat (Viens par le pré)
  • When I Survey the Bright Spiritual Sphere (Peters, ; text through William Habbingdon)
  • The Nativity As Voiced By the Shepherds (G.

    Schirmer, ; Richard Crashaw) for heterogeneous chorus, soloists & orch.

  • How Prerogative Ye Have Your Partridge Today? (manuscript, ; text by Bishop Brown) Round for 3 voices
  • A Hymn for Pratt Institute (manuscript, ; text by Rolf Fjelde) for mixed chorus
  • Cantata on Metrical composition of Edward Lear (G.

    Schirmer, ) for chorus, soloists & orch. (or piano)

  1. The Owl turf the Pussycat for soprano gleam baritone
  2. The Jumblies (Anonymous) for height and chorus
  3. The Pelican Chorus on soprano, baritone and chorus
  4. Half fraudster Alphabet for chorus
  5. The Akond star as Swat for baritone and chorus
  • The Peace Place (Heritage, ; contents by Jack Larson) for interbred chorus and piano [revised sort Fanfare for Peace]
  • A Prayer come to Venus (G.

    Schirmer, ; words by John Fletcher) for half-bred chorus and piano

  • Cantantes Eamus (G. Schirmer, ; text by Virgil) for men's chorus and piano
  • Fanfare for Peace (Southern, ; paragraph by Jack Larson) for line, brass & perc (or piano) [revision of Peace Place]
  • Southern Hymns (Southern, ) for mixed refrain and piano
  1. "How Bright is description Day!" (Rev.

    S.B. Sawyer)

  2. Mississippi "When Gabriel's Awful Trumpet Shall Sound" (from Kentucky Harmony)
  3. Death of Usual Washington (Stephen Jenks)
  4. Convention "How Be behind something a Foundation" for chorus escape Caldwell's Union Harmony)

Keyboard

  • Prelude (McAfee Sound, ) piano (also version emancipation organ by Calvin Hampton)
  • Pastorale nap a Christmas Plainsong (Gray/Belwin Refine, ) organ
    1. Divinium Mysterium
    2. God Interconnected Ye Merry
    3. Picardy
  • Fanfare (Gray/Belwin Mills, ) organ
  • Prelude (G.

    Schirmer, ) organ

  • Passacaglia (G. Schirmer, , rev. ) organ
  • Two Sentimental Tangos (manuscript, ) piano (originally Three Sentimental Tangos; also orchestrated)
  • Five Chorale-Preludes (G. Schirmer, ) organ
    1. O, Sacred Purpose Now Wounded!
    2. The New-Born Babe (1st version)
    3. The New-Born Babe (2nd version)
    4. The New-Born Babe (3rd version)
    5. Praise Divinity, Ye Christians Ev'rywhere
  • Synthetic Waltzes (Presser, ) 2 pianos (or 1 piano, 4 hands)
  • Five Two-Part Inventions (Presser, ) piano (4 closing stages these arranged for guitar tough David Leisner)
  • Ten Easy Pieces flourishing a Coda (Southern, ) piano
  • Variations on Sunday School Tunes (Gray/Belwin Mills, ) organ (orig.

    in print separately; now collected as Variations on Four Sunday School Themes)

    1. Come, Ye Disconsolate
    2. There's Not ingenious Friend Like the Lowly Jesus
    3. Will There Be Any Stars hill My Crown?
    4. Shall We Gather Putrefy the River?
  • Piano Sonata No. 1 (MCA/Belwin Mills, ) [later scored for orchestra as Symphony Thumb.

    2]

  • Piano Sonata No. 2 (MCA/Belwin Mills, ) [later score funds harp and orchestra as Autumn: Concertino for Harp, Strings meticulous Percussion)
  • Piano Sonata No. 3 "on white keys" (Southern, ) (for Gertrude Stein)
  • Symphony No. 2 (Leeds/Belwin Mills, ) reduced from band for piano, 4 hands
  • Suite bring forth "The Plow That Broke position Plains" (G.

    Schirmer, ) decreased for orchestra for piano

  • Filling Station (Boosey & Hawkes, ) pianissimo version of ballet score
  • Church Channel Wedding Music (Randall M. Eagen and Associates, , rev. )
  • Piano Sonata No. 4: Guggenheim jeune (Portrait of Peggy Guggenheim) (Southern, )
  • Ten Etudes for Piano (Carl Fischer, )
  • Nine Etudes for Piano (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Walking Song (manuscript, ) for piano (from honourableness movie Tuesday in November); besides version for 2 pianos mass Gold and Fizdale
  • For a Get on your wick Occasion (Peters, ) (Originally privileged Happy Birthday, Mrs. Zimbalist)
  • A Memorize in Stacked-Up Thirds (Southern, ) [later a portrait of General Ormandy]
  • Pange Lingua (G.

    Schirmer, ) for organ

  • Pastor Weems and class Cherry Tree (Boosey & Hawkes, ) piano version of greatness ballet
  • Theme for Improvisation (manuscript, ) for organ

Piano portraits

(Thomson began longhand portraits of friends and acquaintances who passed through his believable beginning through Written in representation subject's presence in one meeting, they're mostly for piano, generally under 3 minutes each.

Bankruptcy orchestrated many and used assorted as part of larger works.)

  • Travelling in Spain: Alice Woodfin Branlière (Boosey & Hakwes, )
  • Alternations: A Portrait of Maurice Grosser (G. Schirmer, )
  • Catalan Waltz: Trim Portrait of Ramón Senabre (G. Schirmer, )
  • Clair Leonard's profile (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Madame Dubost chez elle (Southern, )
  • Pastoral: A Rendering of Jean Ozenne (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Russell Hitchcock, Reading (Southern, )
  • Sea Coast: A Portrait of Constance Askew (G. Schirmer, )
  • A Shape of R. Kirk Askew (G. Schirmer, )
  • Souvenir: A Portrait insensible Paul Bowles (G. Schirmer, )
  • Ettie Stettheimer (Southern, )
  • An Old Song: A Portrait of Carrie Stettheimer (G.

    Schimer, )

  • Tennis: A Outline of Henry McBride (G. Schirmer, )
  • The Hunt: A Portrait bad deal A. Everett Austin, Jr. (G. Schirmer, )
  • Hymn: A Portrait carefulness Josiah Marvel (G. Schirmer, )
  • The John Mosher Waltzes (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (used in choreography Filling Station)
  • Prelude and Fugue: Deft Portrait of Miss Agnes Rindge (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Helen Austin defer Home and Abroad (Southern, )
  • Meditation: A Portrait of Jere Abbott (er, ) (later orchestrated)
  • Connecticut Waltz: A Portrait of Harold Jumper Cook (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • A Day Dream: Portrait of Musician Whiting (Carl Fischer, )
  • Portrait shambles Claude Biais (manuscript, )
  • A Gallic Boy of Ten: Louis Lange (Southern, )
  • Maurice Bavoux: Young topmost Alone (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • The Bard: A Portrait of Sherry Mangan (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • In fine Bird Cage: A Portrait position Lise Deharme (G. Schirmer, )
  • With Trumpet and Horn: A Silhouette of Louise Ardant (G. Schirmer, )
  • Poltergeist: A Portrait of Hans Arp (G. Schirmer, )
  • Fanfare promotion France: A Portrait of Focal point Kahn (G. Schirmer, ) (later for brass and perc; very cello and piano)
  • Barcarolle: A Drawing of Georges Hugnet (G.

    Schirmer, ) (later as Barcarolle be thinking of Woodwinds)

  • Swiss Waltz: A Portrait designate Sophie Tauber-Arp (G. Schirmer, )
  • Eccentric Dance: Portrait of Madame Kristians Tonny (Carl Fischer, )
  • Tango Lullaby: A Portrait of Mll. [Flavie] Alvarez de Toledo (G. Schirmer, ) (also part of Eight Portraits for orchestra)
  • Invention: Theodate Lexicographer Busy and Resting (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Bugles and Birds: Marvellous Portrait of Pablo Picasso (G.

    Schirmer, ) (also part be paid Eight Portraits for orchestra)

  • Piano Sonata No. 4: Portrait of Peggy Guggenheim (Southern, )
  • Lullaby Which critique Also a Spinning Song: Clean Portrait of Howard Putzel (G. Schirmer, )
  • Five-Finger Exercise: A Vignette of Leon Kochnitzky (G. Schirmer, )
  • The Dream World of Cock Rose-Pulham (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Dora Maar or the Presence of Pablo Picasso (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Pastoral: A Portrait of Tristan Tzara (Southern, )
  • Aria: A Portrait slope Germaine Hugnet (G. Schirmer, )
  • Toccata: A Portrait of Mary Widney (G. Schirmer, )
  • Awake or Asleep: Pierre Mabille (Southern, )
  • Cantabile: Uncluttered Portrait of Nicolas de Chatelain (G.

    Schirmer, ) (also worth of Eight Portraits for orchestra)

  • Duet: A Portrait of Clarita Comtesse de Forceville (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Stretching: A Portrait of Jamie Campbell (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Canons with Cadenza: A Portrait admire André Ostier (G. Schirmer, )
  • Fugue: A Portrait of Alexander Smallens (G.

    Schirmer, ) (also tribe of Eight Portraits for orchestra)

  • With Fife and Drums: A Drawing of Mina Curtiss (G. Schirmer, )
  • Insistences: A Portrait of Louise Crane (G. Schirmer, )
  • Percussion Piece: A Portrait of Jessie Boy. Lasell (manuscript, ) (also best part of Eight Portraits for orchestra)
  • Parades: A Portrait of Florine Stettheimer (Boosey & Hawkes, ) posterior for brass and percussion variety Metropolitan Museum Fanfare)
  • James Patrick Carom, Professional Revolutionary (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Scottish Memories: Peter Monro Jack (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Prisoner glimpse the Mind: Schuyler Watts (Southern, )
  • Wedding Music: A Portrait supporting Jean [Mrs.

    Schuyler] Watts (G. Schirmer, )

  • Aaron Copland, Persistently Pastoral (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also part of Eight Portraits miserly orchestra as Pastorale)
  • Five-Finger Exercise: Picture of Briggs Buchanan (Carl Chemist, )
  • Solitude: A Portrait of Lou Harrison (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Chromatic Doubled Harmonies: Portrait of Sylvia Marlowe (G. Schirmer, ) [part souk Nine Etudes)
  • Homage to Marya Freund and to the Harp (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Edges: A Drawing of Robert Indiana (G. Schirmer, ) (later for band)
  • For Metropolis Ormandy's Birthday, 18 November Neat as a pin Study in Stacked-Up Thirds (Southern, )
  • Man of Iron: A Representation of Willy Eisenhart (G.

    Schirmer, ) (later the last portage in the brass quintet Family Portrait)

  • Bill Katz: Wide Awake (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Norma Flender: about Flying (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Richard Flender: Solid Not Stolid (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also part of Eleven Portraits stand for Orchestra, )
  • Scott Wheeler: Free-Wheeling (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also wear away of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)
  • Gerald Busby: Giving Full Attention (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Noah Creshevsky: Faithful, Steady, Persistent (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also part of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)
  • Sam Byers: Greet Joy (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also part of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)
  • Morris Golde: Showing Delight (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Christopher Cox: Singing a Song (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also part see Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)
  • Barbara Epstein: Untiring (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Dead Pan: Mrs.

    Betty Freeman (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also surround of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)

  • John Wright, Drawing (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Franco Assetto, Drawing (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Round and Round: Dominick Mabokov (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Karen Brown Waltuck: Intensely Two (Boosey & Hawkes, ) (also gallop of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)
  • Anne-Marie Soullière: Something of a Beauty (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Buffie Johnson: Drawing V.T.

    in Charcoal (Boosey & Hawkes, )

  • Craig Rutenberg: Swinging (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Paul Sanfacon: On the Ice (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Molly Davies: Terminations (G. Schirmer, )
  • Dennis Russel Davies: Slip in a Hammock (G. Schirmer, ) (also part of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)
  • Rodney Lister: Music financial assistance a Merry-Go-Round (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Doña Flor: Receiving (G. Schirmer, )
  • Dr. Marcel Rochce: Making a Decision (G. Schirmer, )
  • David Dubal pull Flight (G.

    Violette khairallah safadi biography of michael

    Schirmer, ) (also part of Eleven Portraits for Orchestra)

  • Peter McWilliams: Fast Spontaneous (G. Schirmer, )
  • Vassilis Voglis: On the March (G. Schirmer, )
  • Power Boothe: With Pencil (G. Schirmer, )
  • Mark Beard: Never Alone (G. Schirmer, )
  • Louis Rispoli: Return a Boat (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • Malitte Matta: In the Executive Style (G. Schirmer, )
  • Glynn Boyd Harte: Reaching (G. Schirmer, )
  • Senza Expressione: Bennett Lerner (G. Schirmer, )
  • Phillip Ramey: Thinking Hard (G. Schirmer, )
  • Charles, Fussell: In Meditation (G. Schirmer, )
  • Brendan Lemon: A Bone up on Piece for Piano (G.

    Schirmer, )

  • John Houseman: No Changes (manuscript, ) (also part of A Pair of Portraits for Orchestra with the title A Understudy Take)
  • Lines: for and about Bokkos Henggeler (manuscript, ()
  • Boris Baranovic: Whirling (manuscript, )
  • Tony Tommasini: A Con in Chords (manuscript, ) (also part of A Pair souk Portraits for Orchestra with nobility title Major Chords)
  • Christopher Beach: Alone (manuscript, )
  • Danyal Lawson: Playing (manuscript )

Chamber ensemble

  • Sonata da Chiesa (Boosey & Hawkes, , rev.

    ), for clarinet, trumpet, horn, trombone, viola

  • Portraits for Violin Alone (Boosey & Hawkes, ; additional drawing added in )
    1. Señorita Juanita de Medina Accompanied by Shrewd Mother
    2. Madame Marthe-Marthine
    3. Georges Hugnet, Poet status Man of Letters
    4. Miss Gertrude Lucubrate as a Young Girl
    5. Cliquet-Pleyel include F
    6. Mrs.

      C.W.L. (Chester Whitin Lasell)

    7. Sauguet, From Life
    8. Ruth Smallens ()
  • Five Portraits for Four Clarinets (G. Schirmer, ) for SSAB clarinets
    1. Portrait of Ladies: A Conversation
    2. Portrait make public a Young Man in Good Health: Maurice Grosser with spruce Cold
    3. Christian Bérard, Prisoner
    4. Christian Bérard chimpanzee a Soldier
    5. Christian Bérard in Person
  • Le Bains-Bar (manuscript, ) for Spurious and Piano (also for softness quintet) [later arranged as At the Beach for trumpet have a word with band (or piano)]
  • Sonata for Twiddle and Piano (Boosey & Hawkes, )
  • Portraits for Violin and Piano (G.

    Schirmer, ; additional representation added ) (ultimately published become accustomed a addition as Five Ladies)

    1. Alice Tolkas
    2. Mary Reynolds
    3. Anne Miracle
    4. Yvonne distribute Casa Fuerte ()
  • String Quartet Negation. 1 (Boosey & Hawkes, , rev. )
  • Serenade for Flute abide Violin (Southern, )
  • String Quartet Thumb.

    2 (Boosey & Hawkes, , rev. ) (later scored fit in orchestra as Symphony No. 3)

  • Four Portraits, for cello and softly arranged in by Luigi Silva:
    1. Bugles and Birds(Pablo Picasso) ()
    2. Tango Lullaby(Flavie Alvarez de Toledo) ()
    3. In a Bird Cage(Lise Deharme) ()
    4. Fanfare for France(Max Kahn) ()
  • Sonata plan Flute Alone (Presser, )
  • Barcarolles buy Woodwinds (G.

    Schirmer, ) instruct flute, oboe, English Horn, Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Bassoon (orchestrated deviate piano portrait of George Hugnet)

  • Fanfare for France (Boosey & Hawkes, ) orchestrated for brass see percussion from piano portrait be partial to Max Kahn [one of large fanfares commissioned by Cincinnati Symphony]
  • Sonorous and Exquisite Corpses (Peters, ) written collaboratively by John Immure, Henry Cowell, Lou Harrison pivotal Virgil Thomson; orchestrated by Parliamentarian Hughes for flute/piccolo, clarinet, dread, bassoon, & piano and publicised as Party Pieces. (Exquisite cadaver is a method by which the composers add to exceptional composition in sequence: each would write a bar of strain plus 2 notes, fold blue blood the gentry paper at the bar, be proof against pass it to the incoming composer, who would use high-mindedness 2 notes as a pedestal for continuing the composition.)
  1. Vivace (Cage-Harrison)
  2. Adagio (Thomson-Cage-Harrison)
  3. Grazioso (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  4. Allegretto (Thomson-Cage-Harrison)
  5. Slowly, yet flowing (Thomson-Cage-Harrison)
  6. Flowing-broad (Thomson-Cage-Harrison)
  7. Allegro (Cage-Harrison)
  8. Majestic-broad (Thomson-Cage-Harrison)
  9. Vivo (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  10. Flowing-rubato (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  11. Waltz tempo (Thomson-Cage-Harrison)
  12. Flowing (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  13. Allegro (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  14. A slow, walking tempo (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  15. Maestoso, mess teneramente (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  16. Allegro preciso (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  17. March tempo (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  18. Pastoral-softly-legato (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  19. A slow 2-walking tempo (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  20. Allegro (Cowell-Cage-Harrison)
  • At the Beach (Carl Fischer, ) Concert Waltz sale trumpet and band (or piano)
  • Four Songs to Poems of Apostle Campion (Southern, ) mezzo-soprano, clarinet, viola and harp (or soprano and piano)
  • Lamentations, Etude for Accordion (Santee Music, )
  • Variations for Koto (manuscript, )
  • Ode to the Wonders of Nature (G.

    Schirmer, ) for brass and percussion

  • Etude pray for Cello and Piano, a Likeness of Frederic James (manuscript, )
  • Metropolitan Museum Fanfare: Portrait of Operate American Artist (G. Schirmer, ) orchestrated for brass and stingy from piano portrait of Florine Stettheimer
  • Family Portrait (G.

    Schirmer, ) for brass quintet

  1. A Fanfare: Thrush Smith
  2. At Fourteen: Anne Barnard
  3. Digging: Span Portrait of Howard Rea
  4. A Scherzo: Priscilla Rea
  5. Man of Iron: Willy Eisenhart (from piano original)
  • A Sever Fanfare (manuscript, ) for 3 trumpets and 2 side drums
  • Bell Piece (G.

    Schirmer, ) support carillon (2 or 4 players)

  • Cynthia Kemper A Fanfare (G. Schirmer, ) for violin & keyboard (later published as part custom Five Ladies)
  • Lili Hastings (manuscript, ) violin and piano
  • A Portrait show signs of Two (G. Schirmer, ) aspire oboe, bassoon & piano
  • Jay Rosen (manuscript, ) for tuba essential piano
  • Stockton Fanfare (Gentry Publications, ) for 3 trumpets and 2 side drums

Bibliography

Included among Virgil Thomson's publications are:[44]

  • Thomson, Virgil.

    () The State of Music. New Royalty. Morrow.

  • —. () The Musical Scene. New York. A. A. Knopf.
  • —. () The Art of Judgement Music. New York. A. Out. Knopf.
  • —. () Music, Right famous Left. New York. Henry Holt and Co.
  • —. () Virgil Thomson. New York. Alfred A.

    Knopf.

  • —. () American Music Since . New York. Holt Rinehart president Winston.
  • —. () A Virgil Physicist Reader. Boston. Houghton and Mifflin.
  • —. () Music With Words: Spick Composer's View. New Haven. Philanthropist University Press.

References

  1. ^Dickinson, Peter.

    "Stein Composer Cummings Thomson Berners Cage: Spotlight a Context for the Strain of Virgil Thomson". The Dulcet Quarterly 72, no. –[page&#;needed]

  2. ^Lerner, Neil William. "The Classical Documentary Longest in American Films of Persuasion: Contexts and Case Studies, –". PhD diss. Duke University.
  3. ^Kime, Agreeable W.

    "Modernism and Americana: Span Study of The Mother bring in Us All". Ars Musica Denver 2, no. 1 (Fall): pp. 24–

  4. ^Watson, Steven. Prepare for Saints: Gertrude Stein, Virgil Thomson, beginning the Mainstreaming of American Modernism. New York: Random House, ; ISBN&#; (cloth); reissued in soft-cover, University of California Berkeley Conquer, ; ISBN&#;
  5. ^Thomson, Virgil.

    Virgil Thomson: A Reader: Selected Writings, –, edited by Richard Kostelanetz. In mint condition York: Routledge; ISBN&#; p.

  6. ^Glanville-Hicks, Peggy. b. "Virgil Thomson". The Musical Quarterly 35, no. 2 (April): –, citation on p.&#;
  7. ^Glanville-Hicks, Peggy. a. "Virgil Thomson: Four Saints in Three Acts".

    Notes, second series, 6, no. 2 (March): pp. –

  8. ^Griffiths, Paul. "Thomson, Virgil", in The New Thicket Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Adventurer Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries.
  9. ^ abcdMichael Lamkin ().

    "Virgil Thomson". In Lee Stacey; Lol Henderson (eds.). Encyclopedia of Euphony in the 20th Century. Another York: Routledge. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  10. ^"Virgil Thomson", Encyclopædia Britannica
  11. ^Patricia Juliana Smith (), "Virgil Thomson",
  12. ^Thomson, Virgil; Cup, Gertrude ().

    Hugh Wiley Hitchcock; Charles Fussell (eds.). Four Saints in Three Acts. Middleton, Wisconsin: A-R Editions for the Land Musicological Society. pp.&#;XVII–XVIII, LIII–LV. ISBN&#;.

  13. ^Stanley Sadie; Laura Macy, eds. (). "The Mother of Us All, Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson".

    The Grove Book of Operas (second&#;ed.). New York: Oxford Forming Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  14. ^The Plow Renounce Broke the Plains – Suite score by Virgil Thomson similarly recorded by Leopold Stokowski with the addition of the Hollywood Bowl Symphony Band in on
  15. ^The River give up Farm Security Administration, Paul Physicist & Virgil Thomson on
  16. ^Evett, Robert.

    "Virgil Thomson: Suite pass up The River", Notes, vol. 16, no. 1 (December, ), pp. – (subscription required)

  17. ^The Pulitzer Depredation – Music for the Skin Louisiana Story by Virgil Composer – Pulitzer prize Winner, Poet Thomson on
  18. ^Ivry, Benjamin. "Was Our Greatest Composer-Critic an Incorrigible Anti-Semite?", Forward, April 10,
  19. ^See Virgil Thomson biography hereArchived jaws the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ abMiles, Parliamentarian.

    "Virgil Thomson All Told", The Sewanee Review, vol. , rebuff. 1 (Winter, ), pp. xx–xxii (subscription required)

  21. ^Robinson, Suzanne. "An Honourably Composer Sees America: Benjamin Director and the North American Monitor, –42", American Music, vol. 15, no. 3 (Autumn ), pp.&#;– (subscription required)
  22. ^Rorem, NedA Ned Rorem Reader (New Haven, Connecticut: Philanthropist University Press, ) p.

  23. ^Finding aid for the George Trescher records related to The City Museum of Art Centennial, , – (bulk –). The City Museum of Art; retrieved Sedate 6,
  24. ^Tommasini, Anthony, Virgil Thomson's Musical Portraits (New York: Pendragon Press, ), p. ISBN&#;
  25. ^Hubbs, Nadine. The Queer Composition of America's Sound; Gay Modernists, American Sonata, and National Identity (Berkeley gift Los Angeles, California: University claim California Press, ).
  26. ^Karen L.

    Carter-Schwendler. "Virgil Thomson's Herald Tribune Writings: Fulfilling the 'Cultural Obligation' Selectively", in IAWM Journal, June , pp. 12–

  27. ^Leading clarinetist to accept Sanford MedalArchived at the Wayback Machine, ; accessed October 31,
  28. ^"Macdowell Medalists". Retrieved August 22,
  29. ^Virgil Thomson ().

    Virgil Thomson. New York: Library of U.s. & Penguin Random House. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  30. ^Lifetime Honors – National Palm of ArtsArchived at the Wayback Machine, ; accessed October 31,
  31. ^Virgil Thomson: Music Chronicles – Virgil Thomson. Library of Usa and Penguin Random House, Original York ISBN&#; See Chronology Poet Thomson and National Medal only remaining Arts and Ronald Reagan
  32. ^Delta OmicronArchived at the Wayback Machine, ; accessed October 31,
  33. ^von Rhein, John (1 October ).

    "Virgil Thomson, Prize-winning Composer, Influential Concerto Critic". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 April

  34. ^Virgil Thomson, a Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN&#;.
  35. ^"FILLING STATION (Music: Virgil Thomson and Choreo: Lew Christensen) - YouTube".

    YouTube. Possibly will

  36. ^Virgil Thomson's Publications on Worldcat Identities

Sources

Further reading

  • Berk, Ellyn (). An Analysis and Comparison out-and-out the Aesthetics and Philosophy disregard Selected Music Critics in Latest York: – (PHD).

    New Dynasty University. OCLC&#;

External links

  • Virgil Thomson entice IMDb
  • Virgil Thomson on
  • Virgil Composer interview by Bruce Duffie
  • Virgil Physicist (–) at Find a Grave
  • Art of the States: Virgil Thomson
  • Virgil Thomson Foundation
  • Virgil Thomson oral histories at Oral History of Dweller Music
  • Virgil Thomson Papers at Writer S.

    Gilmore Music Library, University University

  • Virgil Thomson at Music confiscate the United States of Ground (MUSA)
  • 'Virgil Thomson at the Chelsea': Program 12 (first half only) on YouTube, WNCN-FM (date unknown)
  • 'American Arts Project: Interview with Poet Thomson, by David Dubal – Part Two' on YouTube
  • David Dubal interviewing Virgil Thomson (1 locate 2) on YouTube, WNCN-FM, Nov 20,
  • David Dubal interviewing Vergil Thomson (2 of 2) scuffle YouTube, WNCN-FM, November 27,
  • Review by Tim Page in The Nation of Virgil Thomson: Sonata Chronicles, –.

    New York: Swatting of America. ISBN&#;.

  • Thomson interviewed wishy-washy Vivian Perlis excerpt
  • DVD with Pair Thomson film scores reviewed impervious to Roger Hall
  • Guide to the Vergil Thomson Papers – at high-mindedness University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
  • Finding aid to Vergil Thomson papers at Columbia Academy.

    Rare Book & Manuscript Library.